Rhinoplasty THE IDEAL NOSE - Major Facial Reference Points

FIGURE 12. Horizontal fifths. Five equally divided vertical segments of the face.

The surgeon considers the nose from all angles, including from the bottom. Important informa- surgery. Examination of the nose also includes pal­tion about the nasal anatomy is learned from this pation—feeling the nose tells the surgeon essential examination and is critical to planning a successful information about what must be done.

FIGURE 13. Nasofrontal angle is an angle defined by glabella-to-nasion line intersecting with nasion-to-tip line. Normal 115-130° (within this range, a larger angle more favorable in females, smaller angle more favorable in males).

FIGURE 14. Nasofacial angle: angle defined by glabella-to-po­gonion line intersecting with nasion-to-tip line. Normal 30-40°. "Normal" projection with a 3-4-5 triangle described by Crumley (see below) gives a nasofacial angle of 36°.

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